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Mescaline hallucinogen Uses, Effects & Hazards

mesculan drug

Like most psychedelic hallucinogens, mescaline is not physically addictive; however, it can cause tolerance meaning higher doses are need to achieve the same hallucinogenic effect. Mescaline-containing cacti can induce severe vomiting and nausea, which is an important part to traditional Native-American or Shaman ceremonies and is considered a cleansing ritual and a spiritual aid. The Aztecs in Mexico revered peyote as a sacred plant which they believed gave them access to the spirit world. Even today, many Native American groups consider peyote to be an essential component of their spiritual traditions. Although peyote is a Schedule I controlled substance, the Supreme Court has ruled that the government must allow adherents of certain Native American spiritual groups to use peyote as part of their religion. Therefore, peyote as a religious object is legal to use and possess in specific cases.

How long do its effects last?

Nevertheless, the formation of this metabolite has not yet been detected in animal or human models 76. Minor routes of mescaline metabolism include its demethylation, through the O-demethylase, to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine and 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxy-
phenethylamine with production of formaldehyde. Indeed, the incubation of mescaline with microsomal enzymes obtained from rabbit liver led to the formation of these metabolites 72, 84, and Friedhoff and Hollister 85 also identified the demethylated metabolites in human urine. Mescaline demethylation does not seem to be dependent on metabolism by CYP2D6 86. The N-methylation of mescaline has also been observed in rabbit lung, but the amount of N-methyl-mescaline was not properly representative and its formation in vivo has not been described yet 76. TMPA is afterward metabolized to 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenylacetic acid or 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-TMBA).

  • The hallucinogenic effects of mescaline will last longer for some people than others.
  • No matter how far an addiction has progressed, seeking help at NuView Treatment Center is never too late.
  • The hallucinogen may also be ground into powder for oral capsules, or smoked with marijuana and tobacco.
  • Mescaline is a psychedelic or hallucinogenic drug whose use leads to altered perceptions.
  • Psychedelics like Mescaline often stimulate deeply personal and spiritually meaningful experiences, or “trips,” in users, which is why they’re commonly used in some religious practices and during journeys of self-exploration.
  • Though not considered addictive, mescaline may still pose other health risks if abused.
  • In many places, mescaline is illegal, and possession of the drug can result in criminal charges and imprisonment.

Recommended Peyote Rehab-Related Articles

mesculan drug

However, some authors discredit the role of these enzymes, as there are studies where their inhibition showed little relevance in the alteration of the metabolic profile, suggesting the existence of a mescaline oxidase 76, 79. A great percentage of the dose of mescaline is distributed to the kidneys and liver, and combined with hepatic proteins, delaying its concentration in blood, increasing its half-life, and delaying the occurrence of effects 43, 64. Indeed, several studies reported the detection of larger amounts of mescaline in the liver and in the kidney than in the brain and blood 65. Mescaline has a low lipid solubility and therefore low ability to cross the blood brain barrier, higher doses being required to produce similar effects to those caused by other hallucinogens 66. Accordingly, LSD is approximately 2,000 times more potent than mescaline in producing an altered state of consciousness 67. Usually, the effects appear within 30 minutes per os, the psychedelic peak effect occurs after 2 hours and disappears after hours 43, 68, 69.

mesculan drug

This allows it to interact with certain areas of the brain and produce changes in perception, including altered sensations, feelings, and emotions. The drug binds primarily to 5-HT2A receptors, responsible for various cognitive functions such as memory formation, learning, and decision-making. In its natural form, mescaline is found in traces within numerous species of cacti, particularly those belonging to the genera Lophophora and Trichocereus. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration classifies it with psychedelic drugs, making it illegal. N-acetylation of mescaline seems to be an important metabolic route, at least in the brain.

What is Mescaline? Emerging Research, Risks & Side Effects

Despite the increase in symptoms, the experience has been described as potentially useful in some patients. The 5-HT2A receptor is thought to play a key role in the development of schizophrenia and psychosis. By activating this receptor, mescaline can produce temporary changes in the brain that mimics those seen in psychotic episodes caused by schizophrenia 58, 59, 60, 23, 24. The long-term risks of mescaline are unknown since proper clinical data are lacking.

Notable users

This article attempted to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing in its potential therapeutic application, as hallucinogens appear to present favorable toxicological profiles for this purpose. Mescaline acts similarly to other psychedelic agents; it binds to and activates mainly the serotonin 5-HT2c receptor with a high affinity 56, 57. In comparison with LSD, binding affinities to the 5-HT2A receptor were lower for all of the tryptamines, including psilocin and DMT, mescaline being the least potent psychedelic mesculan drug 109. Investigators also observed inhibition of serotonin (SERT), noradrenaline (NAT) or dopamine (DAT) transporters for all tested substances, with the exception of mescaline and LSD 109. Most peyote intoxications appear to be mild in nature and are unlikely to produce life-threatening symptoms.

  • Although studies from the 60s are worth mentioning, they have flaws that render their findings unreliable.
  • Some people have also used mescaline to enhance meditation or supplement therapy.
  • There are no current FDA approved medications to treat the abuse of Mescaline or other Psychedelic drugs, it is simply recommended that the user discontinue use and seek behavioral therapy.
  • A study of 61 Native American Church members claimed that peyote use had no negative effects on mental function or psychology.
  • The naturally occurring hallucinogens make it popular for consumption as a psychedelic hallucinogen.

Mescaline has long been used in ritual and spiritual ceremonies, but it’s not approved for medical use by the FDA. Therefore, talking to a doctor before using the drug for any medical purpose is important. Mescaline is a powerful hallucinogen, and its long-term effects can be severe. Though most people who use it do so only occasionally, some individuals may develop a dependence on the drug. Similar to some biogenic amines, it has been suggested that mescaline could be bioactivated by dopamine-β-hydroxylase, leading to the formation of β-hydroxymescaline 88.

Risks of Mescaline Addiction

The hallucinogenic experience typically begins in 60 minutes after consumption and lasts about 8 to 12 hours. However, different doses can affect people in various ways, and doses extracted from plants can vary widely. The top of the cactus above ground, or the crown, consists of disc-shaped buttons that are cut from the roots and dried. These buttons are generally chewed or soaked in water to produce an intoxicating tea.